The Three-Fifths Compromise designated that three-fifths of slave population would be counted toward representation in Congress. In another compromise, the Congress agreed to ban slave trade after Similarly, issues relating to the empowerment and election of the President were resolved.
This led to the Electoral College system in choosing the Chief Executive of the nation. The Constitution required ratification by nine states in order to come into effect. The fight for ratification was long and difficult.
The Constitution was to be ratified by special ratifying conventions, not by state legislature. Interested in retaining power, states were resistant to ratifying a new, stronger central government. Those who favored ratification were known as Federalists,while those who opposed it were considered Anti- Federalists. The Federalists attacked the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists also supported a House of Representative with substantive power. They acknowledged that the Constitution was not perfect, but they said that it was much better than any other proposal. These essays explained the Constitution and defended its provisions. The documents were intended for the state of New York, though people from across the country read them.
The Federalists defended the weakest point of the Constitution—a lack of a Bill of Rights—by suggesting that current protections were sufficient and that the Congress could always propose Amendments.
Anti-Federalists such as Patrick Henry attacked the Constitution, suggesting that it would lead to a dangerously powerful national government. The Federalist Papers were written between and encouraged people to ask their representatives to ratify the Constitution. Identify the three authors of, the individual papers in, and the principal reasons behind the Federalist Papers. During and , there were 85 essays published in several New York State newspapers, designed to convince New York and Virginia voters to ratify the Constitution.
The three people who are generally acknowledged for writing these essays are Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. One of the most famous Federalist Papers is Federalist No. Anti-Federalists did not support ratification. Madison also wrote Federalist No. That way, the government can work in the best interests of the people and not each other.
The Anti-Federalists had several complaints with the Constitution. One of their biggest was that the Constitution did not provide for a Bill of Rights protecting the people. Many people were bitterly opposed to the proposed new system of government. A public debate soon erupted in each of the states over whether the new Constitution should be accepted. More important, it was a crucial debate on the future of the United States. Within days after it was signed, the Constitution became the subject of widespread criticism in the New York newspapers.
Many commentators charged that the Constitution diminished the rights Americans had won in the Revolution. Fearful that the cause for the Constitution might be lost in his home state, Alexander Hamilton devised a plan to write a series of letters or essays rebutting the critics. It is not surprising that Hamilton, a brilliant lawyer, came forward at this moment to defend the new Constitution. At Philadelphia, he was the only New Yorker to have signed the Constitution. The other New York delegates had angrily left the Convention convinced that the rights of the people were being abandoned.
Hamilton himself was very much in favor of strengthening the central government. Hamilton soon backed away from these ideas, and decided that the Constitution, as written, was the best one possible.
He signed the articles with the Roman name "Publius. Hamilton soon recruited two others, James Madison and John Jay, to contribute essays to the series. They also used the pseudonym "Publius. As a delegate from Virginia, he participated actively in the debates. He also kept detailed notes of the proceedings and drafted much of the Constitution.
A judge and diplomat, he was serving as secretary of foreign affairs in the national government. Hamilton wrote over 60 percent of these essays and helped with the writing of others.
Madison probably wrote about a third of them with Jay composing the rest. The essays had an immediate impact on the ratification debate in New York and in the other states. By this time the identity of "Publius," never a well-kept secret, was pretty well known. The Federalist , also called The Federalist Papers , has served two very different purposes in American history. The 85 essays succeeded by helping to persuade doubtful New Yorkers to ratify the Constitution. Today, The Federalist Papers helps us to more clearly understand what the writers of the Constitution had in mind when they drafted that amazing document years ago.
After each selection are two kinds of activities. The first activity includes questions that should be discussed and answered by the whole class or in small groups. Who were the most important Antifederalists?
Which two major political leaders organized the opposition to the Federalists? The policies of which early political party favored banking, business, and a strong federal government? What did the Alien and Sedition Acts do? Why did Federalists want to go to war against France? Who led the Anti-Federalist movement? The Alien and Sedition Acts showed how different which two political parties were?
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