A genetic predisposition has been proven in the poodle and is suspected in other breeds. There is a female predisposition, as well. The ductus arteriosus originates from the 6 th aortic arch and connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. At birth, lung expansion occurs and oxygen tension in the systemic vasculature increases.
This leads to pulmonary vessel dilation and significantly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance. Within minutes to hours of birth, there should be contraction and physiologic closure of the ductus.
A PDA results due to failure of closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth. The amount of left to right shunting depends on the size of the PDA and amount of blood allowed across the defect. In a normal heart, blood from the whole body enters the right side of the heart and is pumped into the lungs via the Pulmonary artery. After receiving oxygen in the lungs this blood returns to the left side of the heart and is then pumped into the whole body via the Aorta.
Before birth, since the lungs are not yet working, the Ductus Arteriosus has the important function of diverting most of the blood from the Pulmonary artery into the Aorta. Shortly after birth the Ductus Arteriosus should close completely to direct all the blood coming from the right side of the heart through the lungs before returning to the heart.
Presence of a PDA causes profound changes to heart function. In normal conditions, the pressure in the Aorta is much larger than in the Pulmonary artery. As a consequence, a portion of the blood that should be carried to the body will be diverted through this communication into the Pulmonary artery and will go into the lungs again instead of the body. This blood adds to the blood coming from the right ventricle and this will result in an excessive amount of blood passing through the lungs and returning to the left side of the heart.
The amount of blood will depend on the size of the communication. The PDA must be closed as soon as possible to prevent the left ventricle from going into failure due to the excessive amount of blood it has to deal with. The first step in diagnosing PDA is the detection of a heart murmur during the first visits to the vet.
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Based on this work up and physical examination, we will determine if treatment should be pursued and which treatment would be recommended. Once the PDA is closed, most dogs and cats will enjoy a long, normal life without further heart problems. One option for the treatment of a PDA is surgery.
The procedures are performed by our board-certified surgeons. Through an icision between the ribs, the PDA is identified, gently isolated and closed using permanent suture. For some dogs and cats, surgery is the only option available for PDA closure.
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