Coal mining in the Jaworzno mines and construction of the Wilhelm electric power plant, company: Energie Versorgung Oberschlesien AG, 3, prisoners January 17, Neustadt in Prudnik September - January Agricultural labor on an SS farm, men prisoners January 17, and approximately women prisoners January Radostowitz in Radostowice near Pszczyna - Raisko in Rajsko June - January Agricultural labor on an SS farm gardening and experimental cultivation of the rubber plant , approximately women prisoners Sonderkommando Kattowitz in Katowice January - January Construction of air-raid shelters and barracks for the Gestapo, 10 prisoners.
Sosnowitz I in Sosnowiec August - February Renovation of an office building, prisoners. Demolition of buildings at the site of a POW camp, approximately 30 prisoners. Construction and staffing of an SS rest house, several dozen prisoners during construction, less than ten women prisoners during normal service. The prisoners were quartered in railroad freight cars. The first Soviet troops to arrive moved on toward other targets, but the Red Army soon took over the camps, establishing field hospitals on site.
Polish Red Cross workers—volunteer doctors, nurses and paramedics who just months earlier had participated in the Warsaw Uprising—assisted in the recovery too.
Survivors suffered from malnutrition, bedsores, frostbite, gangrene, typhus, tuberculosis and other ailments. And though the SS had attempted to destroy all evidence of mass murder, they had left massive storerooms filled with shoes, dishes, suitcases, and human hair.
They diagnosed patients, gave them identification documents and clothing, and sent over 7, letters to help the patients locate family and friends around the world. At least of the 4, patients died, many from refeeding syndrome or a lack of sanitary facilities.
Those who could leave trickled out on their own or in small groups. Not everyone chose to go: Others stayed in the camp to help former prisoners, including about 90 former prisoners who gave vital assistance to the Soviet and Red Cross hospitals. Auschwitz had been liberated, but the war still plodded on, shaping the massive camp complex. The camp was still a prison, this time for thousands of German POWs the Soviets forced to do labor that echoed that of the original Auschwitz prisoners.
Along with some Polish people imprisoned for declaring ethnic German status during the war, the German POWs maintained the site, tore apart barracks and dismantled the nearby IG Farben synthetic rubber plant where tens of thousands of prisoners had been forced to work as slave laborers.
And a small group of survivors came back to stay. In his book Auschwitz, Poland, and the Politics of Commemoration, , Huener tells the story of how the site went from operational death camp to memorial.
Most of the cadre of men were Polish political prisoners, and none of them had experience with museums or historic preservation. But even during their imprisonments, they had decided Auschwitz should be preserved. Among the total number of children sent to Auschwitz, the exact number who were killed remains unknown. However, on a single day— October 10, — children were gassed to death. A giant pile of shoes left behind by the camp's victims are preserved by the Auschwitz-Birkenau foundation, whose inventory also comprises 3, suitcases; more than 88 pounds of eyeglasses; striped uniforms; prayer shawls, and more than 12, pots and pans brought to the camp by victims who believed they would eventually be resettled.
The hangar of shoes at Auschwitz concentration camp. Among the number of prisoners who attempted to escape, were successful and lived to see the end of the war. Many of them were helped by local Polish civilians, who hated the SS and the camp.
Every prisoner who manages to escape can count on all possible help as soon as he reaches the first Polish homestead. The two-story barracks were originally designed to hold prisoners. Women in the barracks at Auschwitz, Poland, January Photo taken by a Russian photographer shortly after the liberation of the camp. After the rebuilding of the camp, each building had lavatories, usually on the ground floor, containing 22 toilets, urinals, and washbasins with trough-type drains and 42 spigots installed above them.
The fact that prisoners from the upstairs and downstairs had to use a single lavatory meant that access was strictly limited. Two types of barracks, brick and wooden, housed prisoners in the second part of the camp, Birkenau. The brick barracks stood in the oldest part of the camp, known as sector BI, where construction began in the fall of The SS therefore envisioned a capacity of over prisoners per block.
At first, the buildings had earthen floors. Over time, these were covered with a layer of bricks lying flat, or with a thin layer of poured concrete. The barracks were unheated in the winter. Two iron stoves were indeed installed, but these were insufficient to heat the entire space. Nor were there any sanitary facilities in the barracks. Only in were sinks and toilets installed in a small area inside each block. Nor was there any electric lighting at the beginning.
These barracks had no windows.
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